Changes in Macbeths character Essay Example For Students

Changes in Macbeths character Essay William Shakespeare, an incredibly famous English essayist, composed a play which stood out forever Macbeth. This was the remainder of his four catastrophes and was written in the mid 1600s. It was composed for James I and was first acted in 1606. The attention is on the mental impact of the violations he submits upon Macbeth and the idea of his relationship with his better half. Macbeth recounts to the narrative of a man who acts, asked by his better half and anticipated by witches, submitting regicide so as to pick up power. It is William Shakespeares generally incredible and sincerely serious play, and has greatly affected its crowds consistently. During the play we see Macbeth, a legend that battles for his lord and nation move toward a perilous man, driven by insidious. Shakespeare utilizes Macbeth to show the horrendous impacts that aspiration and blame can have on a man and how they can drive him to obliterate himself, anyway in spite of being the appalling legend and thusly accountable for his own fate, we feel that Macbeth isn't completely to fault for his own destiny the defeat of Macbeth is likewise the aftereffect of the activities by people around him in having the option to misuse his imperfect character. The play places Macbeth solidly in the center of a wild fight that is being battled among Scotland and Scottish double crossers and afterward among Scotland and Norway. Our initial introduction of Macbeth is that he is a courageous saint and that he could never lessen himself to such a low standard of detestable as those he is battling. Macbeths dedication and bravery is accentuated when he is portrayed as being one of two spent swimmers that do stick together and stifle their craft this likeness followed by an ellipsis is significantly more viable than a realistic depiction. It gives the feeling that the two armed forces are in a condition of fatigue, as two swimmers would be subsequent to having swum until they can't swim any longer. Both sticking onto each other and pulling each other down, risking annihilating one another and making an opportunity of complete, tolerant, absolute destruction. The position that Macbeth is in during the fight is that the situation is anything but favorable for him when his adversary MacDonwald is portrayed as having the duplicating villainies of nature warm upon him. This can give two impressions, one of which is that he is drawing all fiendishness towards him wishing to annihilate the regular request and the other being that he himself has all the qualities and characteristics of insidiousness and he is the exemplification of all that is terrible. It is practically prophetically catastrophic, great and wickedness battling until the very end and fiendishness right now with the preferred position, clarifying the courage of Macbeth as he keeps on battling despite the fact that the situation is anything but favorable for him. In any event, something as famously whimsical as karma appears to have fashioned a loyalty with fiendish. What's more, Fortune, on his cursed squabble grinning, Showed like a revolutionaries prostitute; however alls unreasonably feeble: For fearless Macbeth The tables have now turned, great and malice are so equally coordinated it is currently feasible for either side to triumph, yet Macbeth is resolved. Fortune isn't preferring the daring; Macdonwald needs all the karma he can get now in fight, with Macbeth being as solid and bold as he may be. Karma is represented as a whore; it has no steadfastness and can abandon one individual and move onto the following. A whore or karma will consistently go where it will most succeed. It seems like there are two inquiries that could be related with this statement, Is Fortune favoring his insubordination as his caring prostitute however part of the alls too feeble to even think about denying Macbeth his staggering triumph? , or does Fortune forsake Macdonwald like a whimsical prostitute when Macbeth shows up? Be that as it may, karma is of no utilization as Macdonwald and his military arent sufficient and are no counterpart for Macbeth. At the point when Macbeth is alluded to as fearless, it shows that he is speaking to the embodiment of good he is a pioneer that had the ability to change the fortune of the fight practically independent with the assistance of his waved steel, which smoked with ridiculous execution, similar to valours flunky cut out his section till he confronted the slave; Macbeths gallantry increments further. He is being commended by the sergeant indicating that society esteems dauntlessness and boldness. His blade is smoking with ridiculous execution since he is in the main part of the fight, moving at such high a pace and executing such huge numbers of adversaries as he moves, his sword is hot with smoking blood and hasnt had the opportunity to cool. Shakespeares utilization of the word cut accentuates Macbeths quality and savagery, likewise the utilization of valours meaning fearlessness shows that as Macbeth is hacking down all men that hinder him, hes battling for a reason. Macbeth keeps on executing men fighting until he faces Macdonwald, Till he confronted the slave this will at that point be a definitive test, great against malicious and just one will win. It is contrasting Macdonwald with a slave, despite Macbeths power he is just this. There was no presentation and no inviting; this last gathering was distinctly to leave one survivor. In the long run Macbeths assurance, quality and mental fortitude radiate through as Macdonwald is crushed and the Thane of Glamis is triumphant and demonstrated fruitful in fight when he un-seamed him from the nave to the hacks, and fixed his head upon our bulwark cutting him up the center, representing all out thrashing, the end for underhanded. Despite the fact that its simply the start for Macbeth and the others, who speak to all that is acceptable. This demonstration that Macbeth submits decisively shows the beginning of his spirit being ruined by malicious. Woman Macbeth has convinced Macbeth to kill Duncan after he was prognosticated by witches that he would become ruler, it was then promptly thought by Lady Macbeth that for this to become reality, Duncans rule needs to reach a conclusion. As the day of the deed approaches Macbeth starts to question whether he ought to submit this demonstration of treachery, he is conflicted between two different ways on the off chance that it were done, when tis done, at that point twere well it were done rapidly; if thassassination could encumber up the outcome These words verbally expressed by Macbeth show that he is confounded and far fetched, Shakespeare has utilized code word to stress this. A case of doublespeak can be found in this statement; Macbeth alludes to the demonstration of homicide as it on various events, giving the feeling that he is attempting to dodge what he is really thinking about on doing, not once does he really utilize the word murder. It seems as if there is a real explanation behind slaughtering Duncan, however the main explanation is Macbeths own ravenousness and want for power. The utilization of restrictive words, for example, on the off chance that when, at that point and could and the utilization of midline delays and caesuras recommend wavering and presents the component of vulnerability. The Torah, Talmud and Kabbalah EssayThe last interruption after deadly vision underlines the accompanying sentence, giving it high significance when Macbeth questions his sight from the start when he says reasonable to feeling as to locate, this nearly proposes he doesnt trust it is genuine, as if he can see it yet can't contact it, this accentuated the disarray. You are given the feeling that Macbeth is awkward with the utilization of the words knife of the psyche, these words give the feeling that his brain is considering murder, not of his better half or his future just musings of homicide, he has become a perilous soul. From here on Shakespeares utilization of language changes, starting now and into the foreseeable future nothing has the force or capacity to stop Macbeth , this is communicated when it is the ridiculous business which educates along these lines to mine eyes. Presently oer the one half world nature appears to be dead, and underhanded dreams misuse the curtained rest; presently black magic praises this gives the feeling that Macbeth was beforehand in a terrified state, in spite of the fact that this has now vanished and he is determined to finishing the job needing to be done, with the impact of Lady Macbeth. It is recommended that the better piece of the world is found in the light and when murkiness falls, it is then that all malevolent is discharged. Evening time and the dim are emblematic to underhanded, nearly as if now is the ideal time for the homicide to occur while it is dim and the light (goodness) can't be seen. At the point when Shakespeare utilizes the term the curtained rest he is nearly proposing that when the sun goes down and we close the window ornaments, we have no clue about what strange malice could be hiding in the dimness. With Tarquins bewitching steps, towards his structure Moves like an apparition. Thou sure and firm set earth, Hear not my means, what direction they stroll, for dread Macbeth needs to move quietly or he might be gotten, just as he is on the war zone prepared and pausing. Theres a recommendation that he doesnt need the earth to hear him as it is firm and he isn't. Anything that is firm, unadulterated and great has now become a danger to Macbeth. Recommending that malicious is never observed until its prepared to assault. Shakespeare has utilized the words towards his plan there is conceivably a two sided connotation to this, it could mean either that the earth was made and ought to be fixed by god, nearly just as Macbeth is putting the fault of his activities onto god. It could likewise imply that divine beings configuration is that there are malevolent individuals and they shouldnt be halted, they should keep on killing, cheat and take and permit nature to follow through to its logical end. Shakespeare has made the language to turn out to be marginally smooth sensational now, as though after he perpetrates the wrongdoing and Duncan is declared dead, Macbeth will turn into an amazing and gallant saint, somewhat amusing as this is the thing that he was in the first place before the impact of covetousness, aspiration and others disrupted everything. Macbeth demonstrates further to the crowd how degenerate his psyche is as he proceeds with the discourse. He tells the crowd how he intends to execute Duncan as well as he means to too it quietly and circumspectly. By slyly wanting to crawl upon Duncan he intends to do it as most malevolence wrongdoings are submitted, covert, phantom like and without the obvious earth parting with his arrangements. Af

Their Eyes Were Watching God Essays (1482 words) -

Their Eyes Were Watching God The epic, Their Eyes Were Watching God contains delightful symbolism that passes on the considerations of the creator towards the rival of this story, Janie Crawford. Through her four particular lives as Janie Crawford, Janie Killicks, Janie Starks, and Janie Woods she understands that every day the sun rises another change is obvious in her life. The experience of each particular life causes her to acknowledge more about herself than she at any point knew previously. She goes to a self-disclosure about herself. Despite the fact that it takes her the whole novel to understand her sexual arousing from the blooming pear tree to encounter unadulterated love, she does as such as the sun falls and ascends past the long periods of her developing life. The tale begins with Janie at the ready age of sixteen understanding her sexual pinnacle. She was extended on her back underneath the pear tree absorbing the alto serenade of the meeting honey bees, the gold of the sun and the gasping breath of the breeze when the imperceptible voice, all things considered, went to her. (Hurston: 11). Babysitter understands that Janie has gotten prepared for marriage, subsequent to agreeing to a kiss from a tall and lean, yet poor kid by the name of Johnny Taylor. In this way, Nanny orchestrates a marriage between Janie Crawford and Logan Killicks to begin Janies new life as Janie Killicks before she would have the option to get caught in the modest existence of a poor dark man like Johnny Taylor. She was a previous slave, so Nanny had faith in the estimation of monetary security and decency. Thusly, she constrained Janie into wedding Logan Killicks when she was still in her youngsters. A year passed by with Janie understanding that she didn't adore Logan and could never cherish him, so she felt it was the ideal opportunity for a change. Janie left Logan for the cheerful and enchanting Jody Starks. They sat on the lodging yard and saw the sun dive into a similar break in the earth from which the night rose. (Hurston: 33). Janie understood that it was the ideal opportunity for a change and to take a risk in endeavor to accomplish love by her own methods. Babysitter wouldve objected to the showy talk behind a dark man like Jody Starks; nonetheless, he would make a considerably more monetarily stable setting for Janie to live in than in the marriage she set up Janie with the rancher, Logan Killicks. Wedding Joe without separating from Logan, she settles with him in her new life at Eatonville. He purchases 200 sections of land of land, rapidly turning out to be city hall leader of the all-dark town with Janie turning out to be Mrs. City hall leader. She is compelled to run the supermarket, which she doesnt like and is regularly requested around and criticized by her better half. Joe was currently demonstrating his actual character since before they got hitched he said he would adore her and treat her with the most extreme regard, yet this wasnt the case by any stretch of the imagination. Living with the agony brought about by her second spouse for very nearly two decades, she understood that he wasnt the man she was searching for. She was thirty-five now and was starting to develop. In any case, generally she lived between her cap and her heels, with her passionate unsettling influences like shade designs in the forested areas come and gone with the sun. She didn't get anything f rom Jody with the exception of what cash could purchase, and she was parting with what she didnt esteem. (Hurston: 76). More now than any time in recent memory she understands that Joe was an unforgiving and cold man she never cherished. Likewise, this portends Jodys disorder and the possibility for Janie to disclose to him that he was a difficult elderly person that had secured his physical afflictions by abusing others not long before he kicks the bucket. Nine months after the demise of Jody, without anticipating that a man should astonish her into a relationship, Janie finds a youthful, decent looking man who is amusing to be with. All things considered, Ah love tuh discover whut you think after sun-up tomorrow. Dis is simply you night thought. (Hurston: 105). After Tea Cake says this, Janie begins to understand that despite the fact that she doesnt let it out to herself from the outset that she cherishes Tea Cake, she is really beginning

Business Process Management Life Cycle

Business Process Management Life Cycle Organizations have objectives to accomplish and goals to achieve. It could be the delivery of products or services to end-users, or the performance of support services to ensure customer satisfaction. It could be the transformation of raw materials into parts that are subsequently assembled to create a final product. It can even be the proper recording of all financial transactions of the company for purposes of budgeting and financial management.The accomplishment and achievement of these goals and objectives require the performance of a task or activity, or a series of tasks and activities. These sets of activities or tasks, which are logically related and often follow a logical flow, are referred to as business processes.The day-to-day operations of businesses and organizations, regardless of their nature, structure, and even the industry they belong to, are basically comprised of business processes. Manufacturing itself is considered a business process, but it is a very broad one , considering how it also encompasses other business processes, such as product assembly and quality assurance. Finance is just as broad, involving lesser but nonetheless vital processes, such as invoicing, billing, and budgeting. © Shutterstock.com | PureSolutionEven the activities and tasks that are often considered by many as peripheral and “non-central” to the core activities of the business or organization are also business processes. Human Resources, for example, conduct a series of logical steps in their hiring and recruitment process. Other processes they are concerned with include attendance management and leave management.If you take a look at the very nature of business processes, it is easy to see how there is a need to manage them. While some processes are straightforward, involving only two or three steps or tasks, there are others that are far more complex, with multiple steps that involve multiple performers or users. These steps are also often performed repetitively and on a regular basis. These spur organizations to find ways to optimize and standardize these processes, and that’s where Business Process Management comes in.BPM is a very broad topic and cannot be summed up in one sittin g or discussion. This article aims to give you a broad introduction on the fundamental concepts of Business Process Management.BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENTBusinesses, in order to achieve its goals and objectives, design, implement and use business processes which they, in turn, manage for optimization and standardization purposes, using what is known as Business Process Management.Business Process Management (BPM) is a management discipline describing the systematic approach to “identify, execute, document, measure, monitor and control both automated and non-automated business processes to achieve consistent, targeted results aligned with an organization’s strategic goals.” To put it simply, it is the systematic approach to improving the business processes of an organization, making the workflow more efficient and effective, and improve its overall ability to adapt to an ever-changing business environment.Management of business processes through BPM involves modeling, analysis, design and measurement of these processes. It sounds like a lot of work, which is why BPM is designed to be technology-enabled. This means that it makes use of various technological tools in carrying out its roles.Aside from the obvious, which is the improvement of business processes to achieve its goals and objectives, why is it so important for businesses to have a BPM system in place?BPM facilitates the improvement and management of processes that drive optimized business results, leading to lower costs, higher revenues and high customer satisfaction, to name a few.BPM enables businesses to align its processes with the needs of their customers.BPM aids decision-making on matters such as deployment, measurement and monitoring of the resources of the organization.BPM contributes to the maintenance of a sound financial management system of the company.BPM allows the organization to keep track of its progress in meeting and achieving its goals.To understand it better, let us take a deeper look at the benefits that organizations can derive from the implementation of Business Process Management.Revenue growth. Increased revenue potentially means increase in the net profit earned by the company. BPM, as mentioned earlier, helps align business processes and functions to the needs of customers. This means higher customer satisfaction and improved reputation for the company, which ultimately contribute to more revenue and, consequently, profit.Reduced costs. Another component of increased profit is having lower costs and expenditures. Inefficiencies and waste of resources â€" two definite reasons for cost hemorrhage in organizations â€" may also result from poor planning and subsequent tracking or monitoring of the usage of these resources. An effective BPM system provides a means for tracking the resources, and gives management the heads up in the event that some adjustments have to be made to address these inefficiencies.Higher accountability. BPM establishes a sy stem of checks and balances within the organization, so the functions and corresponding responsibilities and accountabilities of each department, each officer, and each employee are clearly defined. This minimizes (and may even eliminate) the risk of losses due to human error in the conduct of their respective tasks and activities, as well as the potential of fraud and negligence.Improved and increased productivity. Productivity is affected by various factors, including proper utilization of capital and resources, human resource management, and physical working conditions, among others. Best practices in BPM have an impact on these aspects or areas of the business, ensuring that overall productivity is boosted.Improved reliability of information. Having a working and effective BPM system can increase the reliability of generated business information which, in turn, will be used by management for decision-making, and other stakeholders. Information retrieval and dissemination is also easier, saving time and effort that would have been wasted in looking them up.Simplified and assured compliance. Many businesses unwittingly find themselves facing issues regarding non-compliance with regulations and rules imposed by legislation and industrial standards. Having a BPM system in place allows the organization to cover all its bases and keep track of their duties and obligations. Obviously, non-compliance issues can be costly to settle, not to mention other legal repercussions that may threaten even the right of the business to operate.Tighter security measures. The resources, as well as information, that belong to the company will be safer from loss, theft and misuse, since BPM measures are also designed to protect them. Proper documentation and dissemination of information ensures that they will not fall into the wrong hands, especially those of a confidential nature. Compliance monitoring also sees to it that the company and its employees are protected from possibil ities of litigation and other legal repercussions.Unfortunately, it is a fact that there are still a lot of businesses that do not use Business Process Management, largely because they are not aware of the concept or, even if they do, they do not fully understand its importance or the benefits they can get from it. For others, they are intimidated by the idea of applying BPM, thinking that it is something extremely complicated and may even cost them money.After all, many are under the impression that BPM strictly means automation of business processes, and they equate “automation” with “more spending”. There are also a few businesses that decide that they cannot “be bothered” to use BPM, since it is not the core function of their business.However, the business landscape today has become more competitive due, in large part, to the effects of globalization and the volatility of economies and markets all over the world. Staying competitive has become one of the main concern s of most businesses, and one way to achieve that is through optimization of business processes. Thus, Business Process Management is something that should not be ignored or easily dismissed.CORE ELEMENTS OF BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENTResearchers suggested six elements that every effective BPM should have.Strategic alignment or synchronization: The alignment referred to is that of the BPM and the overall strategy of the organization, meaning the business processes must be designed, implemented and managed (through the BPM) in accordance with the strategic priorities, objectives and goals of the organization. There has to be a direct and identifiable linkage or connection between these priorities and the processes. Otherwise, you will have wasted your resources on an ineffective BPM system.Governance: From the outset, the roles and responsibilities for the different levels of BPM must be clearly established and communicated to all members of the organization and other stakeholders. T his is to ensure transparency and accountability. This also involves setting out clear guidelines on the decision-making process, as well as rewards and sanction programs.Methodologies: The conduct of BPM initiatives entail the utilization of methods, or tools and techniques that facilitate management of business processes. The most common example often used is the Six Sigma, a set of techniques developed by Motorola engineer Bill Smith in an effort to improve the capability of business processes.Information Technology: BPM has become increasingly associated with technology, mostly because of how heavily it depends on IT-based solutions. Thus, information technology plays a very important role in the execution of BPM initiatives.People: Technology and information systems are pretty much useless by themselves, without any human factor. Therefore, organizations assign specific manpower solely dedicated to carry out its BPM initiatives. These people possess all the necessary knowledge and skills in process management, while seeing to it that they are in alignment with the goals of the organization.Culture: This mostly pertains to the organizational culture, or the collective values within the organization. First and foremost, the organization must have a culture or environment that facilitates, complements and supports its BPM initiatives. After all, BPM is not a standalone unit of the organization, since it cuts across the entire organizational structure.THE BUSINESS PROCESS MANAGEMENT LIFE CYCLEThe BMP Life Cycle is characterized by iterative set of activities, done in phases. This means that the cycle can be repeated, instead of ending once the final phase is over.There are six phases in the BPM life cycle.Phase 1: Process Planning and StrategyIn business, everything begins with a plan. This plan will serve as the guidelines to be followed by those who will implement it.BPM begins with the development of a plan that clearly maps out the strategy and the direct ion of the organization’s BPM initiatives. In order to be useful for BPM, the strategy must be process-driven, and the plan must be designed and structured in a way that will ensure the delivery of value to customers.Process planning and strategy involve the following:Understanding of the organization’s strategies and goals. These will serve as a guide in setting the objectives and strategies of BPM, since the two must be aligned.Identification and enumeration of current processes, requiring an in-depth look at the existing process architecture of the organization.There are three types of processes or activities that exist in organizations:1. Primary processesThese are the core processes of the company, which are readily identifiable because of their cross-functional nature, and the fact that these are the processes that directly deliver value to customers. These processes arise from the main activities of the business.Geary Rummler categorized primary or core processes into thr ee:Processes that imagine and create the product or service (ex. Product development, prototyping, conduct of feasibility studies)Processes that produce or make the product or service (ex. Production process, raw materials procurement)Processes that sell or deliver the product or service to the customers (ex. Sales, distribution)2. Secondary processesThese are processes that are in place purposely to provide support to the primary processes, which is why they are also referred to as “support processes”. Unlike the primary processes, they do not directly deliver value, and are usually restricted to the functional areas of the organization.The most common examples of support processes are:Human resource managementTechnology developmentInformation technology managementSupplies procurementFacilities management3. Management processesAll organizations strive for efficiency and effectiveness, and the task of monitoring that falls on the shoulders of management, who are responsible for performing management processes. These processes take a look at both the primary and secondary processes, mainly to monitor whether they are on track in meeting the company’s operational and financial goals. They are also in place to ensure compliance of the primary and secondary processes to regulatory and legal guidelines.Just like the support processes, management processes also do not directly provide value, but are nonetheless vital to the organization.Identification of appropriate BPM roles and responsibilities within the organization. Who are the key players in BPM? What level of support will the organization’s BPM initiatives get from top management and the other members of the organization?Identification of methodologies and performance measures to be used in BPM.Phase 2: Analysis of Business ProcessesThere is a need to understand the current or existing business processes since they are the very object of BPM. Obviously, one will not be able to manage something that it does not understand. The objective of this phase is to find out whether the business processes currently in place are aligned with the goals and objectives of the organization.Certain methodologies are applied in the analysis phase. The most common, and usually first, step undertaken is the gathering of data and information on the business processes. These are obtained from currently maintained company or organization documentation, strategic plans and process models. It may also require more than a peek into the performance measurements being used by the company.Analysis will provide insights on the strengths and weaknesses of the business processes, and open windows to understanding how they impact the overall performance of the organization.The process analysis techniques can be classified into two.Qualitative analysisQualitative analysis is performed for two reasons: to identify wastes, redundancies, or losses incurred in the processes and eliminate them, and to identify and un derstand all the issues involved, and prioritize them accordingly.Some of the most commonly used techniques are:Value-added analysis â€" In this technique, each step in the processes are classified on whether they are value-adding (VA), business value-adding (BVA), or non-value-adding (NVA). A step is considered VA if it produces value to the customer, denoted by a willingness on the part of the latter to pay for that specific step. An example is the assembly process of a product. After completion of the production process, but before delivery to customers, the finished product is required by law to undergo physical inspection by an independent third-party. This does not add value to the customer, but it adds value to the business, since it is a requirement for the continuous operation of the business. This is BVA activity. Rework costs in case the product was defective due to worker negligence, as well as costs of delay in shipment or delivery, on the other hand, do not add value t o the customer. This is NVA. Basically, any other activity that does not fall under the VA and BVA categories will fall under this.Root-Cause analysis â€" This issue analysis technique often makes use of cause-and-effect diagrams and why-why diagrams, highlighting causal factors and seeking answers to the “Why” questions regarding the processes. This makes the technique effective for getting to the root of the problems or issues.Pareto analysis â€" Pareto bar charts are primarily used in this technique. The bar chart presents the impact of all the relevant issues or problems. The higher or taller bars are those that require more attention, which means they should be prioritized.Quantitative analysisQuantitative analysis techniques are centered around numbers, figures and statistics. These often include:Quantitative flow analysis: There are several flow analysis techniques being used, depending on the process being analyzed. Flow analysis is usually used in the analysis of capaci ty requirements, error rates in the process level, as well as costs. Cycle time analysis is also a common application of flow analysis, where the average duration or cycle time for an entire process â€" or a step in the process â€" is calculated, in order to assess efficiency and effectiveness.Queuing analysis: Unlike the flow analysis, queuing takes waiting time into consideration. Variability in service times, delays and rework times, are factored in, in recognition of the fact that these capacity problems are unavoidable and should, therefore, play a role in process design and redesign.Process simulation: Process simulation also considers waiting times, but it is also applicable for processes that involve parallel activities running simultaneously. Queuing generally does not apply to these types of activities. In process simulation, the process is modeled into a simulation model, which is enhanced with simulation data, and undergoes simulation. The outputs are then analyzed. In t he event that there are multiple scenarios, the simulation model can be tweaked accordingly and undergo simulation again until all alternative scenarios are covered.Findings during this phase will usually point to either one of two: it is either the business processes are aligned with organizational goals and objectives, or they are not. The findings will be used in the next phase of the BPM life cycle.Phase 3: Design and Modeling of Business ProcessesDepending on the results of the business process analysis, there may be a need to design new processes, or redesign the existing ones. The objective is to come up with a process design that provides a full picture of the work, from end to end, to guarantee the delivery of value to customers.The main concern in this phase is to determine whether the process is good “as is”, or if it should be redesigned in a better, more appropriate “to be” process.This phase entails the following:Understanding of the intention of the organizati on with respect to the business process, such as what they want to achieve and how they are going to use the process to achieve them.Documentation of the work to be performed through process modeling, in detail:Nature of the workTime, duration and frequency of performance of workLocation of performance of workThe workers primarily and secondarily involved in the work performanceMethodologies, tools and techniques usedSequence of activities within the work processIdentification and understanding of the environmental factors that have an impact on the process, as these are likely to influence the design (or redesign, as the case may be) of processes.Business process modeling is basically the activity of representing the processes of the organization in a structural form. It serves two main purposes: documentation and analysis. The business process model serves as a ready reference for members of the organization for any future projects or process evaluations. It is also a useful train ing aid in the case of new employees.Further, the process model will play a central role when management evaluates the performance of the departments or units, and when it is looking for opportunities for change. In the event that there are plans for business expansion and growth, the documentation will also be a great help.This can be in the form of a narrative description, a diagram or an illustration, as long as it provides an end-to-end perspective of all the processes of the organization â€" whether they are primary, support, or management processes.Perhaps the most identifiable form is a workflow chart or diagram, which maps out the logical flow of activities within the process in a unit or department of the organization. Some companies prefer the representation to be in the form of a map, since it offers more precision. In other cases, the preference is for a model, which are highly precise and highly detailed, and also require a lot of work.When it comes to process redesign, there are two approaches:Continuous Process Improvement: In this approach, there is an implied acceptance of the current processes. Therefore, the main focus is to identify the problems or issues that were previously unnoticed, and seek solutions for them. This approach looks for these solutions incrementally, taking one issue at a time.Business Process Re-engineering: Unlike the Continuous Process Improvement, Re-engineering takes a look at the entire process structure and aims to rework it entirely, with the aim of streamlining it or making it more effective and efficient. It is decidedly a more sweeping approach.Phase 4: Process ImplementationThe designed (or redesigned) process will be implemented. Implementation is performed either systemically or non-systemically.Systemic implementation entails the use of specific software and technologies in implementing the process design.Non-systemic implementation is when these technological BPM tools are not used.The choice between the t wo will largely depend on the nature of the business process and, in a small part, on the resources of the organization. After all, the use of technology is bound to cost the company.Phase 5: Process Monitoring and ControllingThe process, once implemented, requires tracking, measuring, and controlling, which is supposed to be done on a continuous basis. The purpose of these is to:Obtain necessary information to ascertain whether changes or adjustments must be made to the process design, or even to the resources and tools used in its implementation.Measure performance of the process to gauge whether it, indeed, leads to the achievement of organizational goals and objectives.Business process analytics are the main inputs in this phase, where historical analytics are used for process controlling purposes. Monitoring of the business activities are usually done through the use of dashboards and rule-based notifications, particularly in organizations that have their own IT infrastructure that they can use for the BPM initiatives.Phase 6: Process Refinement or ImprovementBPM allows organizations to maintain the high level of quality and performance of its business processes. Through monitoring and control of process performance, the organization will be able to innovate and improve its processes primarily through redesign and reengineering.Basically, the results of all that analysis and design (and redesign) work will be implemented to “fine-tune” the process. Remember that the company aims to optimize its processes through BPM, and that is mostly fulfilled in this phase.This phase targets the improvement or refinement of three aspects: performance of the processes, of process management, and of the organization as a whole.